PHP without a framework

Things to think about

• How to inject a request and eject a response.
• How to create a database connection based on config.
• How to upgrade the framework without touching the rest of the application.
• How to access the rest of the application from the vendor tree.

Limitations

• MySQL/MariaDB the only supported RDBMS.
• UTF-8 everywhere.

Dependencies

The following dependencies are all actively maintained and available via Composer:

• Dependency injection: PHP-DI
• PSR-15 middleware dispatcher: Route
• PSR-7 implementation: laminas-diactoros
• Error handling: whoops with symfony/var-dumper
• Templates: Twig
• Logging: monolog/monolog
• Date/Time manipulation: nesbot/carbon

For configuration variables, use a simple PHP script which returns an array and is brought in using require_once. This should work across all versions of PHP and if anyone accesses the file directly they will be shown a blank page (but it is still a good idea to keep it outside the document root and not in version control).

Databases

Use PDO for everything, as this gives the maximum flexibility.

• Set the charset in the DSN.
• Exceptions as the error mode (you should never get an SQL error in normal operation, so an exception is appropriate).
• Always use bindValue and set the data type (third parameter).
• Set fetch mode to PDO::FETCH_ASSOC.
• Remember beginTransaction and commit are available.

Testing

Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn is a good test string.

PHP built-in server

The PHP built-in server is sufficient for most purposes. Create a configuration file, local.ini:

error_reporting = E_ALL
display_errors = On

Start the server:

php -S localhost:8000 -t public -c local.ini

Instructions

Add dependencies

composer require php-di/php-di
composer require filp/whoops
composer require laminas/laminas-diactoros
composer require laminas/laminas-httphandlerrunner
composer require league/route

Create skeleton directory structure:

mkdir public src

Bootstrap file

Create Bootstrap file at src/Bootstrap.php:

<?php

declare(strict_types = 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);

date_default_timezone_set('Europe/London');

require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';

$whoops = new Whoops\Run;
$whoops->pushHandler(new \Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler);
$whoops->register();

Front controller

Create skeleton front controller at public/index.php:

<?php

declare(strict_types = 1);

require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';

Create HelloWorld class in src/HelloWorld.php:

<?php

declare(strict_types = 1);

namespace MyApp;

class HelloWorld
{
  public function hello() : void
  {
    echo 'Hello World';
  }
}

Static Page Controller

<?php

declare(strict_types = 1);

namespace WebApp\Controllers;

use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response;

use MicroFramework\Config;
use MicroFramework\View;

class StaticPageController extends \MicroFramework\Controller
{
    public function index(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
    {
        $response = new Response;
        $config = Config::getInstance()->getData();
        $html = View::render($config['views']['templates_path'], 'index.html');
        $response->getBody()->write($html);

        return $response;
    }
}

Logins and registration

• password_hash
• password_verify
• password_needs_rehash